China-Kyrgyzstan relations have historically been strong, however have also gained significant geopolitical importance in recent years. First of all, it should be emphasized that China is Kyrgyzstan’s largest trading partner. In this context, China has developed stronger economic ties with Kyrgyzstan within the scope of the Belt and Road Initiative launched in 2013. Since then, bilateral trade has increased rapidly with China’s transportation and infrastructure projects in Kyrgyzstan, as well as investments in the energy, mining and transportation sectors, and has greatly contributed to the country’s economic development. In addition, China cooperates with Kyrgyzstan on bilateral and regional levels in border security, counter-terrorism and regional stability. In this respect, cooperation with Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian countries, especially within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), makes significant contributions to China’s national security and regional stability.
In light of this information, President of Kyrgyzstan, Mr. Sadyr Japarov, paid a state visit to China from February 4 to 7, 2025, marking a significant milestone in the relations between the two countries. During the visit, agreements were signed aimed at enhancing economic cooperation, boosting trade exchanges, and increasing investments in the renewable energy sector. Additionally, the extension of bilateral cooperation under China’s Belt and Road Initiative until 2026 and the alignment of China’s infrastructure goals with Kyrgyzstan’s national development strategy were among the key outcomes of the visit.
One of the most significant aspects of Japarov’s visit was the signing of an agreement for the development of 600 MW wind and solar power plants in Kyrgyzstan.[1] This investment is highly aligned with China’s efforts to promote renewable energy under the Belt and Road Initiative. Through this initiative, Kyrgyzstan aims to modernize its energy infrastructure, creating a significant opportunity for the country’s development.
Kyrgyzstan, which generates most of its electricity from hydropower, aims to position new wind and solar projects alongside hydropower as a sustainable alternative. In this context, Kyrgyzstan can benefit from China’s expertise and financial support to add advanced renewable energy technologies to its electricity infrastructure. The initiative also supports regional energy cooperation and potentially positions Kyrgyzstan as an energy exporter to neighboring countries. China’s involvement in Kyrgyzstan’s energy sector is not new, as Chinese companies have previously invested in hydropower and thermal power projects. However, the shift toward wind and solar energy signals a shift in cooperation toward green development and environmental sustainability.
Another important outcome of Caparov’s visit was the signing of a bilateral social security agreement aimed at facilitating employment interaction between the two countries and increasing economic and trade exchange.[2] For Kyrgyz workers, the agreement provides legal protection by providing access to social security benefits such as health and retirement while working in China. Similarly, Chinese businesses operating in Kyrgyzstan will benefit from clearer regulatory frameworks that increase investment security and encourage cross-border trade. Addressing social security concerns, the agreement reduces bureaucratic barriers, making business and employment interactions smoother and more predictable.
One of the most significant aspects of the visit was the decision to extend China-Kyrgyzstan cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative until 2026.[3] This extension underscores Kyrgyzstan’s strategic importance within the Belt and Road Initiative, particularly as a key transit country for China’s infrastructure projects in Central Asia.
The Belt and Road Initiative has already led to significant developments in Kyrgyzstan’s transportation and logistics sectors, including road and railway projects aimed at enhancing connectivity between China, Central Asia, and beyond. Continued cooperation under the initiative is likely to result in further infrastructure investments, facilitating trade and economic growth. For Kyrgyzstan, the expansion of Belt and Road Initiative cooperation presents opportunities for technological advancements, job creation, and increased foreign direct investment.
From China’s perspective, strengthening ties with Kyrgyzstan can be seen as part of its broader strategy to enhance regional stability and economic integration in Central Asia. Given Kyrgyzstan’s geographic location and role as a transit hub for Chinese goods, maintaining strong bilateral relations is also crucial to the success of China’s regional ambitions.
In conclusion, President Japarov’s state visit to China in February 2025 marked a turning point in China-Kyrgyzstan relations, leading to agreements in renewable energy, social security, and continued cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative. These agreements reflect a shift toward sustainable development and economic integration, offering long-term potential benefits for both countries. However, as the partnership deepens, both sides must address various challenges, including investment risks and environmental sustainability. If managed effectively, the strengthened cooperation between China and Kyrgyzstan could serve as a model for regional partnerships that foster economic growth, sustainability, and cross-community engagement.
[1] “Kyrgyzstan, China Partner on 600 MW Wind and Solar Power Plants”, Daryo, https://daryo.uz/en/2025/02/07/kyrgyzstan-china-partner-on-600-mw-wind-and-solar-power-plants, (Accessed Date: 27.02.2025).
[2] “China-Kyrgyzstan Social Security Agreement to Boost Bilateral Exchanges, Interactions”, Big News Network, https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/275027845/china-kyrgyzstan-social-security-agreement-to-boost-bilateral-exchanges-interactions-official, (Accessed Date: 27.02.2025).
[3] “China, Kyrgyzstan Extend Belt and Road Cooperation Until 2026”, China Economic Net, http://en.ce.cn/main/latest/202502/06/t20250206_39283693.shtml, (Accessed Date: 27.02.2025).
